What is the fundamental property of bitwise XOR in cryptography?
XOR is self-inverting: A ⊕ B ⊕ B = A. Applying XOR with the same key twice restores the original value, making encryption and decryption identical.
Encrypt, decrypt, and crack single-byte and multi-byte repeating XOR ciphers with automated Hamming distance key-size detection and English frequency analysis.
XOR is self-inverting: A ⊕ B ⊕ B = A. Applying XOR with the same key twice restores the original value, making encryption and decryption identical.
A One-Time Pad using a truly random, non-repeating key equal in length to the message is mathematically unbreakable. However, repeating short keys is vulnerable to frequency analysis.